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Particle Motion — Contrast

Single-plane orbital motion  vs  3D helix crossing planes

① Single Plane Motion
z = 0 always · confined to XY

Particle orbits in a circle. X and Y vary — Z is always 0. It never leaves the plane.

vs
② Helix · Multi-Plane Motion
x, y, z all vary · crosses all 3 planes

Particle spirals in a helix. Z increases each turn — it crosses XY, YZ and XZ planes.

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